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M9640610.TXT
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1996-03-04
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Document 0610
DOCN M9640610
TI Selective pressure of a quinoxaline nonnucleoside inhibitor of human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) on
HIV-1 replication results in the emergence of nucleoside
RT-inhibitor-specific (RT Leu-74-->Val or Ile and Val-75-->Leu or Ile)
HIV-1 mutants.
DT 9604
AU Kleim JP; Rosner M; Winkler I; Paessens A; Kirsch R; Hsiou Y; Arnold E;
Riess G; Hoechst AG, Frankfurt, Germany.
SO Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jan 9;93(1):34-8. Unique Identifier :
AIDSLINE MED/96133872
AB The quinoxaline nonnucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI)
(S)-4-isopropoxycarbonyl-6-methoxy-3-(methylthiomethyl)-3,4-
dihydroquinoxaline-2(1H)-thione (HBY 097) was used to select for
drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in vitro. The viruses first developed
mutations affecting the NNRTI-binding pocket, and five of six strains
displayed the RT G190-->E substitution, which is characteristic for
HIV-1 resistance against quinoxalines. In one variant, a new mutant
(G190-->Q) most likely evolved from preexisting G190-->E mutants. The
negative charge introduced by the G190-->E substitution was maintained
at that site of the pocket by simultaneous selection for V179-->D
together with G190-->Q. After continued exposure to the drug, mutations
at positions so far known to be specific for resistance against
nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) (L74-->V/I and V75-->L/I) were
consistently detected in all cultures. The inhibitory activities of the
cellular conversion product of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI, didanosine),
2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (ddA) and of 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine
(d4T, stavudine) against these late-passage viruses were shown to be
enhanced with the L74-->V/I RT mutant virus as compared with the
wild-type (wt) HIV-1MN isolate. Clonal analysis proved linkage of the
codon 74 and codon 75 mutations to the NNRTI-specific mutations in all
RT gene fragments. The nonnucleoside- and nucleoside-resistance mutation
sites are separated by approximately 35 A. We propose that the two sites
communicate through the template-primer which is situated in the
DNA-binding cleft between these two sites. Quinoxalines cause high
selective pressure on HIV-1 replication in vitro; however, the
implication of these findings for the treatment of HIV-1 infection has
yet to be determined.
DE Antiviral Agents/*PHARMACOLOGY Base Sequence Drug Resistance,
Microbial DNA Primers/CHEMISTRY HIV-1/*GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT Molecular
Sequence Data Mutation Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*PHARMACOLOGY
RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*GENETICS Selection (Genetics) Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Virus Replication/*DRUG
EFFECTS JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).